IP Subnetting And IP Addressing: IP address range

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Private Address Space Cheat Sheet

A specific range of IP address is used as the private address of each class of IP address space. These private address space are mentioned in the following table:

Class	Range
Class A	10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B	172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C	192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

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IP(IPv4) Address Classes Cheat Sheet

Class	Range	Leading Bits	Features
A	1-127	0	Network.Host.Host.Host
B	128-191	10	Network.Network.Host.Host
C	192-239	110	Network.Network.Network.Host
D	240-247	1110	Reserved for multicast
E	248-255	11110	Reserved for research

Note:

Network 127 is reserved for loopback testing and internal testing
Network / Host indicates one octet (eight bits) [Read more about What is Octet?]

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IP Address Classification

Each IP address has two parts: Network ID part and Host ID part. The first octet part(s) or the high-order bits, represents Network ID of the IP address. Network ID part of any network remains same for all the hosts of that particular network.

The remaining octets act as host IDs of the IP address. The IP Address classes are
categorized based on the decimal number in the ﬁrst octet that is based on the Network ID part.

IP address class can be classified into five categories. You may read, Types of IP Addresses for all the classification of IP address.

For learning subnets, generally Class A, Class B and Class C are required. So, based on these classes, the Address Class Summary table is presented below:

Class	Number of Subnets	Number of Hosts Per Subnet	Range of Network IDs (First Octet)
Class A	126	16,777,214	1 – 126
Class B	16,384	65,534	128 – 191
Class C	2,097,152	254	192 – 223

Each class of IP address is classified by the most significant bits. In the following table a IP class wise description of most significant bits are presented:

Class	Most Significant Bits	Binary Start	Binary End
Class A	1	00000001	01111111
Class B	10	10000000	10111111
Class C	110	11000000	11011111
Class D	1110	11100000	11101111
Class E	11110	11110000	11110111

Furthermore, if you like to classify based on the decimal value, the the classes can be classified in the following categories:

Class	First Octet
Class A	1-126
Class B	127-191
Class C	192-239
Class D	240-247
Class E	248-255

Classes of IP Address

IP addresses can be classified into five categories which are the followings:

Class	Range
Class A	1	-	127
Class B	128	-	191
Class C	192	-	239
Class D	240	-	247
Class E	248	-	255

Note:

Here, Range means of Network IDs (First Octet)
Network 127 is reserved for loopback and internal testing.
Class D address is reserved for Multicast.
Class E address is reserved for experimental, used for research.

Each IP address field has two parts:

Network
Host

For Class A, the first 8 bits are used for Network and the other 24 bits are used for hosts. For Class B, the first 16 bits are used for Network and the other 16 bits are used for hosts. And for Class C, the first 24 bits are used for Network and the other 8 bits are used for hosts.

Remember, the first octet bits (the first 8 bits of each block of IP address) are used to determine the address class. Using the network bits, you can create many networks and the hosts bits are used to define each hosts of those network. The summary of number of subnets and no of hosts per subnet are defined below:

Class	No of Subnets	No of Hosts Per Subnet	Range of Network IDs
Class A	126	16,777,214	1-127
Class B	16,384	65,534	128-191
Class C	2,097,152	254	192-223